I would like to answer this question based on my recent experience in Peru. Most political parties here have already incorporated a women's branch in their bylaws. The roles and responsibility vary, some of them have a seat /vote at the national committees, but others do not. Nevertheless, we have observed that a lot of the performance of the women's branch depends on the profile, capacity and vision of the person appointed to that that position. In Peru, some parties have incorporated gender quotas in their bylaws. One political party has explicitly reform its bylaw to include a 50-50 participation of women and men. It is important to mention that for these changes to take place there needs to be a group of women within parties, well informed and prepared to lead the discussion and gainallies to finally make the changes. This process is not easy and takes time. Creating a critical mass of women in politics requires dedicated processes of trainings and opportunities to exchange experience. For this, we have seen that alliances within parties between those charged of the training process and those working on women's branch are important to identify the women of the party that could best benefit from the trainings. It is also important that they work together to define relevant issues on which to provide the trainings. Another area where key alliances take place is among women leaders from different parties. It is important to create spaces where they can come together to share experiences, learn together, and seek solutions to common problems; results of discussions in these spaces usually translate in internal practices or policies. Finally, as capacities are strengthen on women leaders, we must look for the younger generation that would replace the actual leaders and should begging working with them as they become the new leaders. A very interesting practice is under construction within one party in Peru, experienced party women are mentoring younger ones, helping them shape their profile to advance in their political careers has a lot of value. Just a small comment on the allocation of funds for women's training, I understand that Mexico is discussion changes on the electoral Law and one of them was going to be about allocating funds directly for women. It would be interesting to find out on the status of the reforms. These are some initial answers to the questions; all the issues mentioned could easily be discussed in detail. Gabriela Serrano Resident Country Director - Peru International Republican Institute