Europe

Over the past two centuries, the European region has been the seat of many international milestones for women in politics. Various countries continue to achieve new high points for women’s political participation, inspiring women throughout the world. However, there is still great disparity in women’s political participation within the region itself.

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From the Library

Gender and ICT

This e-Primer looks at information and communications technology (ICT) for development through a gender lens. It provides a gender perspectives to issues of ICT policies; access and control; education, training and skill development; and content development, and introduces a framework to integrate gender in ICT for development and empower women.

A Practical Guide to Constitution Building

A Practical Guide to Constitution Building provides an essential foundation for understanding constitutions and constitution building. Full of world examples of ground-breaking agreements and innovative provisions adopted during processes of constitutional change, the Guide offers a wide range of examples of how constitutions develop and how their development can establish and entrench democratic values. Beyond comparative examples, the Guide contains in-depth analysis of key components of constitutions and the forces of change that shape them.

Chapter 2 includes a section on "Principles related to gender" and Chapter 3 includes a section on "The rights of women".

Empowering Women for Stronger Political Parties

How women participate in political parties – and how those parties encourage and nurture women’s involvement and incorporate gender-equality issues – are key determinants of women’s political empowerment. They are also key to ensuring gender-equality issues are addressed in the wider society. If strategies to promote women’s involvement in the political process are to be effective, they should be linked to steps parties can take across the specific phases of the electoral cycle – the preelectoral, electoral and post-electoral phases – and to the organization and financing of the parties themselves. 
 
The most effective strategies to increase women’s participation in political parties combine reforms to political institutions with targeted support to women party activists within and outside party structures, women candidates and elected officials. These strategies require the cooperation of a variety of actors and political parties from across the political spectrum.
 
The Guide identifies targeted interventions that political parties can take to empower women. It is structured according to four phases, following an electoral cycle approach.

Report on Progress on Equality between Women and Men in 2010

This eighth report on equality between men and women describes developments towards gender equality in the European Union in 2010. Last year was a significant year for the European Commission’s work of advancing gender equality. We adopted a Women’s Charter on 5 March 2010 and by doing so, committed to strengthening gender equality in all our policies. We also adopted the Strategy for Equality between Women and Men (2010-2015) on 21 September which is an action plan to promote gender equality that will guide our actions for the period 2010-2015. These actions represent a political commitment by each member of the European Commission to advance equality between women and men in their own portfolios.

Democracy and the Challenge of Change: A Guide to Increasing Women's Political Participation

Democracy and the Challenge of Change: A Guide to Increasing Women’s Political Participation was created to be used by National Democratic Institute staff and other practitioners to develop, implement, monitor and eval­uate women’s political participation programs across a variety of technical areas. With separate chapters on Citizen Participation, Elections and Electoral Processes, Political Parties and Governance, the guide pro­vides a rationale for focusing on increasing women’s par­ticipation in each technical area, as well as program­matic frameworks, examples of best practices and case studies, and strategies to be used throughout the lifecy­cle of a program or project.

*The Guide will also be available in French and Spanish in the coming weeks.

Ending Violence Against Women and Human Trafficking: A Guide to New Strategies

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This toolkit provides you with resources and ideas to help focus your efforts to fight domestic violence, sexual violence and trafficking and to give you a framework for action. It contains not only specific case studies of women across the globe, but it also provides policy background as well as concrete examples of what you can do to mount a campaign to combat human trafficking, sexual violence or domestic violence. Contact the authors at sfoster[at]stepheniefoster.com
and cindydyer[at]vitalvoices.org.

Joint EC-UNDP Task Force on Electoral Assistance

The EC-UNDP partnership in electoral assistance is unique for its scope, for its achievements and ambitions. It builds on a history of sector experience, specific attention to the lessons learned in previous projects and a mutual understanding of each other’s approaches, roles and capacities.

The partnership is proving to be of increasing value to electoral assistance operations to the beneficiary countries, as it allows to rationalize interventions in the area and leads to better and timelier formulation, implementation and monitoring of projects, and is in line with the concepts of enhanced donor coordination from the Declarations on Aid Effectiveness of Paris 2005 and Accra 2008. The resulting projects are consequently more effective, sustainable and in harmony with overall EU and UN objectives.

Drafting and Adopting National Action Plans for the Implementation of Resolution 1325 in the Countries of Southeast Europe

In the lead up to this year’s ten year anniversary in October of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) there has been a global push to increase the number of National Action Plans on implementation. In our region of Southeast Europe NAPs are currently being drafted in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and anticipated in Montenegro. In multi-stakeholder discussions on the process of developing a NAP, experts have pointed to the need to focus on clear, realistic and attainable objectives; to include cross-government strategies in the drafting and implementation process; to develop a strong monitoring and evaluation framework; and to ensure that commitments are made towards budget allocations for implementation.

Corruption and Access to Justice in Southeast Europe: Addressing The Gender Dimensions

In their process of meeting the European Union’s pre-accession requirements, the countries of Southeast Europe (SEE) have focused on establishing and consolidating rule of law. However, their pursuit of this goal has focused on a narrow perspective of what rule of law entails: judicial and police reform. Programs with this narrow approach to rule of law do not address the gender dimensions of two very significant rule of law issues: corruption and access to justice. These problems and their gender dimensions contribute to the overall frustration that citizens of SEE have with inefficient and ineffective public administrations. They are particularly significant in the fields of health, education and gender-based violence – all areas that have a disproportionate impact on women.

Women, Politics and Quotas in Southeast Europe

This report shows that while quotas are certainly important for giving women better chances to enter politics, women still face meaningful obstacles in making their contribution substantive and meaningful. Beyond just increasing the number of women in office, there is the issue of supporting them to represent the interests of a gender equality agenda and a gender equality constituency. The focus of future advocacy and lobbying needs to be supporting the meaningful representation of a range of women’s interests in the decision-making structures of the countries of SEE.